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Alma S. Woolley
Alma S. Woolley (October 3, 1931, New York City – December 17, 2005, Baltimore) was an American nurse, nurse educator, nursing historian, and author. She led several schools of nursing, and authored a number of books and articles on nursing education, the history of nursing education, and nurses.
==Early years and education==
Woolley grew up a child of the depression in the Bronx, New York City: Her father, hit by a truck, died on his way to a public hospital; her maternal grandmother who had worked in a sweatshop made all her clothes; her widowed mother worked as a stenographer for GM; but Woolley, who said "as a twelve year old, I admired the smart gray uniforms with the red trimming" of the Cadet Nurse Corps (during World War II), was selected to go to the elite all-girls Hunter College High School to which she commuted by public transport one hour each way.〔Ma Loewenberg, ''The View from 70'' (Iowa City: Gray Pearl Press, 2004), p. 113.〕 At Hunter, she won the all-city Latin Poetry Contest in 1949 and graduated second in her class, subsequently attending Queens College and then Cornell University's School of Nursing, which granted her a bachelor's degree in 1954.〔"Alma S. Woolley, 74, nursing school dean," ''The Washington Times'' (Washington, DC), December 30, 2005.〕 She subsequently joined the Visiting Nurse Service of New York, married, and worked at a number of hospitals including Mary Immaculate Hospital in Jamaica, Queens and, moving to Philadelphia, at Philadelphia General Hospital, and Jefferson Medical College.〔''Ibid''.〕 She later became a nursing instructor at the University of Pennsylvania, enrolled in their graduate program and was granted an M.S. in medical-surgical nursing in 1965,〔''The Chronicle'', (of the Barabara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing ), Spring 2006, vol. 19. pp. 10-11, accessed at http://www.nursing.upenn.edu/history/Documents/27077%20UofP%20newsletter.pdf〕 an accomplishment which led to one of her early articles in ''The American Journal of Nursing'', "My Lamp Is Refueled," explaining how and why she kept up with her field while rearing four small children.〔Vol. 67, no. 8, (August 1967).〕
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